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Christoph Maria Michael Hugo Damian Peter Adalbert, Count of Schönborn, O.P. (German: ''Christoph Maria Michael Hugo Damian Peter Adalbert, Graf von Schönborn''; born 22 January 1945), is a Bohemian-born Austrian Dominican friar and theologian, who is a cardinal of the Catholic Church. He serves as the Archbishop of Vienna and President of the Austrian Bishops' Conference. He was elevated to the cardinalate in 1998. He is also the chaplain of the Order of the Golden Fleece (Austrian branch), of which he has been a member since 1961. He is a member of the formerly sovereign princely House of Schönborn, several members of which held high offices of the Holy Roman Empire and the Catholic Church. Schönborn was seen as a leading candidate for the papacy because he is conservative, albeit a "balanced reformer" who is well liked by all factions of the church〔(Schönborn als neuer Papst in "Poleposition" ), Kurier〕 and noted for his tolerant views,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=EUROPE - Christoph Schönborn, un cardinal charismatique et atypique - France 24 )〕 diplomatic skills〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Diplomatisches Geschick könnte Schönborn bei der Papst-Wahl nutzen - Politik - Vienna Online )〕 and openness to dialogue. In particular, he is recognized for his ability to mediate between the conservative and reformist wings of the Church.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=PRIMAPRESS.IT - Conclave, Bregantini (Cei): "Il nuovo Papa potrebbe essere Christoph Schonborn" )〕 Schönborn has travelled widely and is well known in the Catholic Church globally for editing the ''Catechism of the Catholic Church''. He is a former student of Pope Benedict XVI and a close confidant, ally and long-time friend,〔 who has been called Benedict's "spiritual son."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=C. Schönborn, le "fils spirituel" de Benoît XVI | JOL Journalism Online Press )〕 According to John L. Allen, Schönborn was among the "kingmakers" when Benedict was elected Pope in 2005.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A quick course in 'Conclave 101' | National Catholic Reporter )〕 Born in Skalken in Bohemia and growing up in Schruns next to the Swiss border, he has German Bohemian, Czech, Austrian, Hungarian, Italian and Irish ancestry. He descends from many prominent families of Bohemia as well as royal families such as the House of Savoy-Carignano. Schönborn studied in France, was a professor for several years in Fribourg, Switzerland, and speaks seven languages: beside his native German also English, Italian, Spanish, French, Czech and Latin.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=John Grace: We are soon to have an ex-pope | The Herald-Dispatch )〕 ==Family and early life== (詳細はSkalka Castle, west of Litoměřice in Bohemia (now part of the Czech Republic), the second son of Maria Hugo Damian Adalbert Josef Hubertus, ''Graf'' von Schönborn-Buchheim, and Baroness Eleonore Ottilie Hilda Maria von Doblhoff. He is a member of the princely House of Schönborn whose members bear the title of Count and the style of ''Illustrious Highness''. He descends from some of the leading aristocratic families of Bohemia and other lands of the Habsburg Empire of both German Bohemian, Czech Bohemian and German Austrian origin, including Lobkowicz, Chotek, Wurmbrand-Stuppach, Kolowrat-Krakowski, Schwarzenberg, Thun und Hohenstein and Clam-Martinic (''z Martinicz'', supposed to be descended from the Vršovci family and ultimately from the Přemyslid dynasty in the male line). He also descends from Hungarian families such as Széchenyi and Batthyány, and from royal houses such as Savoy-Carignano and Hohenzollern-Hechingen. The counts of Schönborn became lords of the lordship of Skalken in Bohemia in 1796 and were owners of the lordship until a land reform in 1923. The Schönborn family continued to live in the local castle until 1945. His family spoke German as their primary language and Czech as a secondary language; in Skalken around half of the population were native German speakers and the other half native Czech speakers and most people spoke both languages. During the war, his father Hugo Damian was involved in the anti-Nazi resistance.〔 Following the German withdrawal from Czechoslovakia at the end of World War II, Bohemia's German-speaking population (especially the nobility) was persecuted by the new rulers, first by Edvard Beneš' post-war nationalist government and then by the new Stalinist regime, and the family fled to Austria when Christoph Schönborn was nine months old.〔() 〕 His parents divorced in 1959. He has two brothers and one sister; his brother Michael Schönborn is an actor. Several members of the Schönborn family held high offices in the Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Empire from the 17th century, including several prince-bishops, cardinals and ecclesiastical prince-electors.〔(Graf/Gräfin von Schöborn ). ''An Online Gotha''. Retrieved 22 March 2010.〕 His legal birth name is Christoph (Maria Michael Hugo Damian Peter Adalbert) Graf von Schönborn, the name under which he is still often referred to, while Austrian authorities registered him under the name "Christoph Schönborn." He grew up in Schruns in western Austria, close to the border of the Swiss canton of Graubünden. Nevertheless, he has said that Bohemia is his home.〔 Parts of his family live in France.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Vatican : Schönborn n'est pas prophète en son pays - Le Point )〕 Schönborn also descends from the astronomers Joseph Johann Littrow and Karl L. Littrow, and the feminist pioneer Auguste von Littrow. He also has an Anglo-Irish great-great-great-grandmother, Lady Selina Meade (1797–1872), the daughter of Richard Meade, 2nd Earl of Clanwilliam (1766–1805), who married the Count of Clam-Martinic. Christoph Schönborn is a great-grandson of the niece (Marie Chotek) of Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg. He also descends from the Bohemian branch of the Colonna family, a mediaeval papal family.〔A. Nowak: Die Reichsgrafen Colonna, Freiherrn von Fels, auf Groß-Strehlitz, Tost und Tworog in Ober-Schlesien. – Groß-Strehlitz : Wilpert, 1902〕 He descends from Princess Gabrielle of Savoy-Carignano (1748–1828), a daughter of Louis Victor, Prince of Carignano and a member of the family which in 1861 became the Italian royal house. Growing up in Vorarlberg, Schönborn speaks the Vorarlberg dialect as well as Swiss German in addition to Standard German. In addition to his native German, Schönborn is fluent in French and Italian, and proficient in English, Spanish and Latin. He also speaks Czech.〔 He lived for several years in France and French-speaking Switzerland, and speaks French at a near-native level. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Christoph Schönborn」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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